Methodology

Signal score

Each filing receives a heuristic score, clamped to the range −100 to +100, where positive leans bullish (insider accumulation) and negative leans bearish (distribution). The score is a simple, additive sum of the factors below — there is no machine-learning black box. Every contribution that applied to a filing is recorded and shown in the filing's signal breakdown, so you can always see why it scored the way it did. Filings with no genuine open-market trade (grants, option exercises, tax withholding) have their role-based noise damped toward zero.

Score buckets

Institutional 13F holdings

Institutional managers report long US equity positions quarterly on Form 13F-HR, with up to a 45-day delay. FilingPulse compares each manager's consecutive quarters to classify every position as new, add, trim, exit, or hold, and aggregates per-ticker holders into a “net accumulating / net reducing” read. 13F data shown today is illustrative sample data; the pipeline is built to swap in live SEC filings without UI changes.

Proposed sales (Form 144)

A Form 144 is a notice of proposed sale of restricted or control securities, filed before the sale. It is a forward-looking read on insider selling intent that often precedes the Form 4 recording the actual trade. FilingPulse flags whether each notice is discretionary or executed under a pre-arranged Rule 10b5-1 plan — routine plan sales, option exercises, and RSU-vesting sales carry less signal than discretionary ones. A proposed sale is intent, not a completed transaction, and may not be fully executed. When a database is configured, Form 144 notices are ingested live from EDGAR (share count, aggregate market value, broker, and approximate sale date come straight from the structured filing); otherwise illustrative sample data is shown.

Material events (Form 8-K)

An 8-K is filed when something material happens at a company, tagged with one or more standardized “item” numbers — earnings (2.02), a material agreement (1.01), an acquisition (2.01), an executive change (5.02), or a financial restatement (4.02), among others. FilingPulse flags the high-impact items so corporate events sit alongside insider and institutional flow on each ticker. Not every 8-K is market-moving — many are routine. When a database is configured, 8-K events are ingested live from EDGAR (the item numbers come straight from the SEC submissions API); otherwise illustrative sample data is shown.

Convergence signals

The convergence score fuses every disclosure stream we ingest for a ticker — insider trades (Form 4), 13F institutional holdings, Schedule 13D/G stakes, Form 144 planned sales, and 8-K events — into one transparent, additive total, floored at 0 and capped at 100. As with the signal score, every contribution is an attributable factor, shown as a chip on the signals board and the per-ticker disclosure radar. 8-K events are counted as context (they don't move the score); Form 144 planned selling counts against bullish conviction. The classification highlights convergence: when independent disclosures point the same way on one name.

Transaction codes

SEC Form 4 reports each transaction with a one-letter code. FilingPulse maps each to a normalized buy/sell direction and flags whether it is an open-market (discretionary) trade.